Vascular innovations for doctors

Vascular USD 15 Years Ago: Stage of Observation and Learning

Visualization of great vessels in vivo
Admiring color mapping and duplex scanning
Dopplerography of great and peripheral arteries with desire to understand the essence of USDG-indexes
Transcranial scanning
Gold standard is angiography
Monitoring and detection of emboli – first stages – Pioner company
Statistical way of static data accumulation
Vascular USD Today:
Visualization of Great and Peripheral Vessels’ Structure in vivo

Practicing methodology for information gaining applying USD (3D), USDG, MRA, perfusion CT, and spiral CT (Radmir, Siemens, Materialize)
2D, 3D and 4D USD
In-depth studying of USD structure and hemodynamic dysfunction of atherosclerotic plaques ( 2D, 3D)
Early diagnosis of thrombosis
Understanding the necessity of venous segment investigation

Noninvasive dynamic method (USAS is direct visual, USDG is indirect graphical).
The method is based on ultrasound radiation applying with using Doppler effect: the ultrasound wave changes its frequency on recoiling from movable blood elements, in particular erythrocytes.
The object of the investigation is a segment of the magistral artery or vein.
The level of the vascular system investigation is magistral vessels.
The method of results analyzing is quantitative-qualitative (digital and/or graphical).

US-angioscanning (USAS) is available in several modes of the ultrasound system work depending on its type and kind:

modes of black and white imaging, the effect of color blood flow mapping (color angioscanning)
and the energetic color blood volume coding, and the tissue perfusion colorization:
Using the modern US-system with the color coding and dopplerography, it is possible to receive more information about circulation state in magistral arteries and veins. In the mode of Doppler color mapping a qualitative evaluation of the lumina size, elastic-tonic and pulse features of the investigated segment of the artery, the vascular wall thickness, the organized nature of the blood flow with the diagnostics of disorganized areas in the form of turbulence and prognostication of the danger of the possible cerebral arteries embolia are carried out.

The modern US-system with the color coding of energetic Doppler effect offers the possibility of receiving the one-color picture of the circulation in organs, but it does not analyze the tissue type in organs, especially in zones of the intensive circulation, and does not differentiate the arterial and venous discirculation that is important for the individual pathogenic approach to the treatment policy.
The mode of energetic Doppler mapping allows to visualize cerebral arteries during the transcranial scanning and to evaluate the character of the arterial angioarchitectonics and the sinuosity of proximal segments.

Vascular USD Today:
Investigation of Great and Peripheral Vessels’ Function in vivo

Linear velocity of artery and vein bloodflow
Pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indexes
Turbulence indexes as embolia risk factors
Creation of USDG – method based on technology of an open system with software polymorphism (Bioss and Spectromed companies)
Renaissance of the idea of monitoring and detection of emboli applying conceptually new methodologies (Bioss company)
Understanding the necessity of investigation of venous segment’s function
Readiness to accept the idea of hemodynamic monitoring in critical conditions of the organism
Vascular USD Today:
Visualization of Microvasculature in Vivo

Dopplerography of microvessels (Minimax)
Laser dopplerography of microcirculation
Digital optical capillaroscopy
Understanding the necessity of examination of perivascular pressure, hydrodynamic conflicts, and arteriolar-venular balance
Vascular Diagnostics:
Questions for Tomorrow

Necessity of developing methodology for dynamic investigations of vascular system
Clinical analysis of results of different investigation methods for vascular system
Change ascertaining dopplerography for dynamic one
We have started a stage of Applied Analytical Hemodynamics

Analytical approaches to vascular system’s investigation
New layer of modeling of hemodynamic changes in vascular systems in vivo under control of visualizing diagnostic methods
In-depth studying of hydro- and hemodynamic laws, physics of ultrasound, and fundamentals of arterial and venous segments’ functioning for different types of angioarchitectonics
Studying of hemodynamic reserve

Ideology of Vascular Hemoduct

МАCROANGIOLOGY

Investigation of pump function of the heart
Investigation of great vessels of the head and extremities
Investigation of veins of the head and extremities
Investigation of appearance of blood filling and blood supply insufficiency on microcirculatory level as on the most distant segment of CVS (deep periphery, which is the most sensitive to ischemia)
Decrease in pump heart function with evident reduction in blood filling in distal segments of arterial system and sludge phenomenon in microvasculature
Impairment of elastic and tonic properties of great arteries’ vascular system resulting in formation of constrictive lesions of regional arteries
Arteriovenous-hydrodynamic imbalance in case of apparent disorders in functioning of vascular system.
Medical Technology“Angioarchitectonics”

Working out mathematical models of different-calibre architectonic type with calculations of hydraulic shock risk in case of atypical formation of arterial bed’s architectonics.
Developing methodology for investigation and evaluation of architectonics requiring further works in the form of software for arterial U/S and MRI-technologists
Developing algorithms of venous macroangioarchitectonics assessment.

МІCROANGIOLOGY

If signs of impairment in microcirculation picture are revealed, one should look for disturbance of minimum one of segments of the integrated closed CVS.

If microcirculation “picture” is healthy, one may speak of sufficiency and adequacy of CVS functioning in the “heart – great arteries – capillaries – great veins – heart” integrated segment

Investigation of microcirculation in finger and toe nail-bed is an arbiter of wellbeing of the whole vascular system

Modern Criteria of Vascular System Investigation

Linear bloodflow velocity
Vessel lumen and calibre
Pressure (axial and matric)
Tonus
Elasticity of vessel wall
Angioarchitectonics
Arteriovenous balance

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